Direction and Purpose Essay

Metaphors provide creative images for readers. They give flavor to literature and allow free interpretation of a piece; thereby making a conversation in a story, an image in a poem, a symbolism in the plot and such, more interesting. Through the use of such a figure of speech, the images are laid bare and presented fresh. This creates an interaction between the reader, the author and the piece; as readers are made to analyze the images presented and the idea that the metaphor is trying to introduce. It seems the poem, â€Å"Manila†, efficiently develops the metaphor that is the Philippines society during the colonial era, through a timeline. It takes the problem of colonial Manila into the modern Filipino mindset. The poem begins with an introduction [Lines 1-3], which gives us the first glimpse of the similarities between the city of Manila and the hermit crab. The succeeding stanzas [4-8] elaborate the physical conditions of the country’s capital and finally, the poem concludes [l9-14] with the mentality upheld by the nation. To appreciate how metaphors lay bare Espino’s â€Å"Manila†, let us analyze the imagery create in the poem, line by line. Unlike most poems, â€Å"Manila† begins with an epigraph from Nick Joaquin, which reads: â€Å"Dust and crabs, dust and crabs.† We can assume that this quote gives a foreview of what Federico Espino’s poem will highlight. Though very little is conveyed in this line, we are able to suppose that the metaphor will hold significance to the poem proper. Dust may be described as either something that depicts age or some remains of an explosion. We also know of crabs as an animal that crawls and has claws. Crabs are also able to survive on land for short periods of time and can literally live on dust. â€Å"Manila† begins with the line: â€Å"A hermit crab beside the tide of times,† if we look at the concept of the hermit crabs as a description of Manila, the line merely tells us that time has passed. It tells us that Manila has an old history and that it has endured much. The next line: â€Å"She bears the traces of her former homes/ the shells of foreign cultures and the slime,† tells us that the country’s history contributes much to its identity. The city has withstood much to the point that it is now isolated and delayed in comparison to the developments of other countries. The â€Å"former homes† are the shells that the crab has already left behind. The â€Å"foreign cultures† such as that of the Spanish, British, Japanese and Americans have all freed the country, yet their influences – dating back to colonial times – still linger. But as hermit crabs changes its shell, Manila now looks for a new â€Å"shell† of protection as she enters another era – whilst trying to retain its identity. Even with the passing of time, the mix of culture is still protected and preserved, which the narrator describes as both positive and negative – implying that though the foreigners have given us a rich culture, they have made us endure much â€Å"slime† and shit (considering that slime is a gastropod’s mucus secretion) in order to take what was rightly ours – freedom. In the succeeding lines: â€Å"Now she looks for food as small waves comb/Upon the shore where bits of driftwood lie†, we now see a direction in the poem. Again it highlights how the hermit crab searches for something and we now see she looks for food. Keeping in mind that food is parallel to life – since it is necessary in sustaining life – the hermit crab looks for nourishment in a place which seemingly has very little to give. From Nick Joaquin’s â€Å"Sa Loob ng Maynila†, we understand the devastation in the city when it served as the center of the revolution, and we see that starting anew is difficult when one is left on what is being portrayed as a deserted island. As expected, â€Å"she finds nothing in her hungry quest/ Instead she hears the raucous seagull’s cry/ Which is a shriek beyond the rock-ribbed nest.† In these lines, the seagulls – natural predators of the hermit crab – are foreign countries. We can assume that not only are we looking up at the seagulls but that they are also in a position to take advantage of us. In relation to the Philippines’ history, foreign countries are soaring. Other countries progress and it is a mockery when – ironically – the countries we defeated fighting for our independence are now more stable than we are – they still rise above us. We are still beneath them in a sense to the point we have to crawl in order to get anywhere. These lines are merely creating the image of a third world country. All seems futile, especially when you have nowhere else to go. â€Å"It mocks her as she crawls upon the sand— The sidewise movement of the hermit crab/ Which Dylan saw on a deserted strand/ And used as a metaphor in runes that throb† It is possible that Dylan represents a foreigner (since it is a typical name for an American boy) and he saw our â€Å"aimless wandering† and toke advantage of it – however, this is more of a hunch than a legitimate argument. What is clear though, is the point of our sideways movement, which is the natural direction a hermit crab follows. By this we can concur that the movement has become innate. We are not moving forward. We want so much, yet work so little. Perhaps, these lines also imply that we search in all the wrong places. â€Å"With life. Yes, this city is a pair of claws/ Creeping, crabbing with all its tragic flaws.† These last lines of the poem summarize the intent of the entire poem. Here it is implied that the people of the Philippines are aware of the damage in their society. Slowly, almost lifelessly, the Filipinos attempt to move through the things we dislike in our country. We complain so much yet we do very little – and perhaps that is our downfall. True there is no prefect nation, but in most nations you see a progression. In reference to Nick Joaquin’s opening epigraph, perhaps the dust is the remains of those countries that once colonized us. We never bothered to clean up what was left to us – good and bad. Espino hints that perhaps that is why we are not moving forward, there is too much to fix all at once. And this can be related to what we call â€Å"crab mentality† or the Filipinos’ attitude of clawing at those who have gotten ahead to pull them back again. We â€Å"creep† and â€Å"crawl† in our own flaws – in our own mistakes – instead of picking ourselves and walking. It is our own claws that hold us back. The generalizations made by Espino are obvious. Though the title is â€Å"Manila† is it clear that the city, being the â€Å"heart† of colonial Philippines, is a synecdoche for the entire country. And when all aspects of Espino’s Manila are examined, we see that the metaphor is in the intricate, descriptive design of the Philippines as a hermit crab trapped on a deserted island. Though she is attempting to escape, she is crawling blindly in no particularly direction. It seems not much has change. Though â€Å"Manila† was written a long time ago, it is relatively surprising that the text paints Manila in a sad, accurate manner. We fought for our freedom. Now we merely struggle with it. It seems our nation cannot decide independently; like a hermit crab, we depend on our symbiotic relationships. We cannot survive alone and we rely on what can be give to us by those who â€Å"protect† us. The dependence relayed in the poem explains why we have no direction, no purpose, and no resources. We are – truly – stuck.

Analyse how the development of relationship between characters helped you to understand the characters in the written texts. Lord of the Flies Essay

Published in 1954, William Golding’s novel the ‘Lord of the Flies’ developed many relationships to shed light on the characters. Perhaps the most important of these would be between the two main characters Jack and Ralph, however relationships between other characters including Ralph and Piggy’s relationship and Jack and Rodgers relationship are equally as important and help provide evidence of the behaviours of the children. The relationship between the two main characters Ralph and Jack at the beginning of the novel is an indication for how different the boys truly are. When the boys crash and arrive onto the deserted island they attempt friendship despite their differing personalities, â€Å"Jack and Ralph smile at each other with shy liking† just as any school boy would do. After being elected as chief of the tribe, Ralph makes his first move of power in electing Jack as chief of the hunting group to ease his embarrassment of wanting to be over all chief but not receiving this role highlighting Ralphs caring side to his personality. The boy’s continue to work together as a team and acknowledge one another’s leadership differences but manage to work together still in creating the best island possibly for the tribe. As the tension between them builds arguments begin to break out as their priorities begin to drift â€Å"they look at one another, baffled by love and hate†. With Ralph being a democratic leader, he takes in the opinions of the other tribe members in order to create the best society possible. It becomes an obvious barrier between the two boys drawing them back from being able to create the perfect society as they simply cannot respect one another’s way of leading. Jacks desire towards hunting and disobeying Ralph’s rules situation is similar to the biblical reference of Jack likening to Satan and Ralph Likening to God. People choose to follow Satan because he persuades and tricks people into believing his way is the more enjoyable way as it is a lot easier to go with Satan’s way then to follow Gods way, just as the tribe begins to fall under Jacks excitement towards hunting and ignoring the need to get rescued with a fire this being Ralphs rule. However this is all expected as for a child the more exciting and enjoyable approach to life is the path an average child would choose to follow proving the actions of the tribe to be considerably normal for them to want to begin following Jacks way of life. At the end of the novel the relationship between the characters Jack and Ralph proves the boys personality differences and helps the reader understand them. Throughout the whole novel it was evident of their unspoken hate towards one another and this tension is finally broken when the remainder of the tribe turns on Ralph as their previous chief and choose to follow Jack and his way of life. â€Å"And you shut up! Who are you anyway? Sitting there telling people what to do. You can’t hunt you can’t sing.† Jacks idea of a perfect leader is someone who had the previous roles of leadership in other scenarios, such as Jacks role of being leader of a school boys’ choir, giving Jack the impression that he is indeed perfect for the position of tribe leader. Jacks displays of power and leadership is Golding’s representation of an autocratic government where the power was taken from the tribe and not voted upon whereas Ralphs leadership and power was voted on just like a democratic government where he takes to mind the opinions of the other children. Understanding this, the reader can then begin to understand how dramatically different the characters each are and Golding uses the idea of ‘good versus evil’ in the characters Ralph and Jack by showing them opposites in their positions on social responsibility, personality, and appearance. The only thing Ralph and Jacks have in common is their utter hatred towards each other. Jacks arrogant and self-centred mind set causes him to believe that once hunted and killed, the pigs he catches make him worthy of the role of leader. However, in a tribe today any person who can bring back meat to feed the rest of the tribe is generally the best leader of the group, but due to the boys situation, it is only a bonus that the boys can have meat and the real focus should be getting rescued, this being Ralphs focus. With the tension being released within the last few chapters, Ralph is hunted due to the tribe’s sudden hatred towards him and their complete savagery takes over despite Ralphs caring nature and civilised personality. Throughout the novel Piggy and Ralphs relationship has been an eye opener to expose the boy’s nature and helps the reader to understand each character independently. When Ralph is introduced to Piggy instantly the differences between the two is shown by the way they speak: â€Å"sucks to your ass-mar!† said Ralph as he mocked Piggy’s unusual accent; from Ralph’s mockery, the reader can see that the two upbringings were very dissimilar. Piggy is in a lower socio-economic class and the two boys being forced into co-habitation together highlights the contrast between the two defined classes of society. Being a typical child Ralph chooses to name Piggy as Piggy just by looking  at his physical appearance once again showing Ralphs back round of being from a more upper-class region in England highlighting his ‘bullying the poorer child’ mind set. Understanding this, it is not expected that the boys would have a good relationship due to Ralphs immaturity but as Ralph soon realises the capability of Piggy’s knowledge and how that would help his leadership skills they soon become friends amongst the chaos. Piggy’s knowledge represents the law and order of the adult world. Throughout the novel, Piggy attempts to condition the society the boys had made to mirror the society they all lived in in England. Piggy’s continual references to his auntie demonstrate this philosophy. He tries to pull Ralph towards the reason-oriented side of human nature. The overall characteristics of each of these two important characters proves that amongst the islands nightmare state it had spiralled into there was still a sense of hope for humanity amongst it due to the maturity of Piggy who then taught Ralph his ways making Ralph an overall stronger leader, but despite all this the rest of the tribe still fell short and turned on both Ralph and Piggy making them â€Å"outsiders†. Ralph’s character can be once again shown through his relationship with Simon where Simon’s characteristics help shape Ralph into the boy he becomes. Simon can be seen as pure goodness, and he is something of a Christ like figure. Simon is fearless as he is the only one who goes to confront ‘The Beast’. The pureness in Simon, like Jesus Christ, prevents him from submitting to the beast-like nature of mankind just as Christ did not succumb into the terrible ways of man at his time. Simon also is the only character who stays true to his personal morals and beliefs although Ralph did try to stay true to his beliefs he did fall into the temptations of the tribe by joining them in a tribal dance around a pig they had just caught. Simon gives Ralph encouragement. Whenever Ralph becomes despondent or loses hope that they will be found, Simon lifts his spirits: â€Å"I just think you’ll get back all right.† Golding portrays Simon, the first boy to be killed (followed by the death of Piggy) as a symbol of a Christ-figure, of grace and light. Ralph’s characteristics of goodness, on the other hand is in contrast to Jack’s evil. Ralph’s goodness is based on order, logic, rationality, and reason. But due to Ralphs beliefs it ends up turning on him as he believed everyone has good in them, but through the novel the reader is introduced to the idea that not all people have good in them, and this is  highlighted through the imagery of school children turning into a â€Å"pack of painted niggers†. Throughout the novel â€Å"The Lord of the Flies† William Golding uses the relationships to ultimately shed light on the characters. The relationship between Ralph and Jack lets the reader begin to understand the true vision of good versus evil which is portrayed throughout the entire novel by Jack being the evil character and Ralph as being the good. Ralphs relationship with Piggy and Simon accompanies Golding’s idea of the good characters as Piggy and Simon pay important roles in aiding Ralph to make him the character he is at the end of the novel.

Purpose Statement Memo

It is impossible to think about doing a successful business abroad without paying full attention on learning and understanding all the specifics of local business and social culture, including the variety of local customs and traditions related to business activity. The purpose of this report is to collect, systematize and summarize available materials about social and business customs of Japan, traditional perception of business and commerce in this country, specifics and tendencies of social interaction, the rules of business etiquette, nuances of formal and informal behavior, and so on, in order to help achieving an effective cross cultural competence when doing business with Japanese partners. Contents 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Introduction: Basic Facts on Business Environment in Japan 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Business Culture of Japan 2.1.   Traditional Views on Business in Japanese Society 2.2.   Main Values of Business Culture in Japan 2.3.   Organizational Culture in Japan 2.4.   Strategies of Communication and Building Business Relationships 2.5.   Business Etiquette 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Social Customs and Traditions of Japanese Society 3.1.   Specifics of Social Interaction in Japan 3.2.   Impact of Religion and Ancient Cultural Traditions on Modern Social Life 3.3.   Cultural Nuances of Informal Social Interaction 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Conclusion: Recommendations on Developing Effective Cross Cultural Competence When Doing Business in Japan. References Doing Business in Japan. (2007 April). Japan External Trade Organization. Retrieved January 18, 2008, from: Doing Business in Japan. (n.d.) Kwintessential. CommunicAid Group Ltd. Retrieved January 18, 2008, from . Japanese Business Culture. (2006). Venture Japan. Retrieved January 18, 2008, from:

Radical Shakespeare a new way of doing Shakespeare Essay

Radical Shakespeare a new way of doing Shakespeare - Essay Example e† and when used as a noun in terms of â€Å"a person who supports great social and political change.†2 Working from these definitions, it should not be surprising to learn that â€Å"radical theatre aims to make extreme changes in existing views, habits, conditions or institutions.†3 However, this simple definition is deceptive as the concept of radical theatre becomes much more complex in the various ways through which this alternative approach might be applied – whether by protest, aesthetic differences or through other forms of expression. In his pamphlet discussing the various forms of radical theatre, Richard Walsh identifies three distinct approaches to radical theatre that can be generally classified as aesthetics defining politics, politics defining aesthetics, and aesthetics obscuring politics – â€Å"the social and political dimensions of theatre were truncated to allow an exploration of the encounter between the theatrical medium and the individual perceiving mind.†4 This idea of the use of the term radical to describe the theatre can be best understood by examining the work of a radical director such as Peter Brook. Therefore, this essay will consider in which ways, and to what extent, the work of Peter Brook can be regarded as radical. In order to develop an understanding of the radical changes that Peter Brook and others brought to the stage, it is necessary to first have a concept of the world of theatre as it existed before Brook entered the scene. The commercial structure of early British post-war theatre was characterized by the classical teachings of the upper/middle classes who felt theatre should reflect a particular adherence to tradition. Coming out of the war, much of Britain’s mainstream theatre was dominated by the ideologies of a relative minority of commercial businesses who were merely seeking a profit rather than being overly concerned with any kind of artistic achievement. If a theatre company wished to garner the

Ethical Hacking Final Challenges Research Paper

Ethical Hacking Final Challenges - Research Paper Example Therefore one of the vulnerabilities of MD5 is its possibility of resulting into collision attacks. The algorithm also gives room for any attacker to generate a collision. The practical abilities of such attacks results into the impersonation of the trusted roots CA by the attackers. The MD5 trustworthiness is reduced the moment an attacker posses the ability to construct forged data in various forms with the ability of causing software using MD5 (Simpson, 2010-03-17). All these underlying vulnerabilities are caused by a cryptographic primitive making the specific exploitation scenarios vary largely depending on the form of data that is prone to attack and the validation of the software. Microsoft has though tried to issue specific patch for flame which does not though eliminate completely the vulnerabilities caused by MD5 hence they recommend that – every CA that still makes use of MD5 should stop with immediate effect and to migrate to better hash functions. Those with certi ficates signed by MD5 should see on how to replace them immediately. The CA should therefore ensure that sensible cryptographic measures are used depending on the tasks they want performed in their respective organizations (Simpson, 2006). Challenge 2 MEMO TO: Bob Kaikea FROM: Network security Team DATE: 20th February 2013 SUBJECT: Port numbers and services that run on most networks A port number in computer networking is mostly the part of the addressing information that is employed in knowing who the senders and receivers and senders of messages within a network as used with TCP/IP connections (Simpson, 2010-03-17). The port numbers allow for the sharing of information by different applications on the same computer to share resources and they work like telephone extensions. The well known ports are an example of Port 80 that which explains to us what a port really is describing it as a virtual data used by software components to interact. Another is the DHCP which is the Dynamic H ost Configuration protocol. The DHCP server listens on this port and allocates your link the properties it has requested, e.g. IP address, network mask, default gateway and DNS server. Both ports 20 and 21 are known as random ports. While 21 is known as the TCP and is well designed for FTP control, the port 20 is the active FTP type and is designed for the actual transfer of data. Ports 23, 25, 53 and 110 are ports outside the range and they would be used to transfer actual data without the specified range. 23 is the Telnet, 25 acts for the simple mail transfer, 53 is the domain name saver and 110 acts as the Post Office Protocol version 3 (Simpson, 2006). In analyzing the services currently running for the Alexander Rocco Corporation, the ports being used must be keenly looked at to enhance the recovery of the ways to be used to curb the vulnerabilities. Challenge 3 Ethics and morality most so in the computer environment more or less revolves around the same thing that is ethics be ing a moral philosophy where one makes a moral choice and sticks to it. In our case it refers to the moral guidelines that an individual sticks to when using computers and computers networks including the encryption algorithms. It is unethical and therefore against the law to do the following when it comes to computers and computer networks. An individual should not indulge into using office computers to do personal work, one should never read

The Effects of the Current Global Recession on the Tourism Industry Dissertation

The Effects of the Current Global Recession on the Tourism Industry - Dissertation Example However, it is not easy to get the customer to come in with a smile and a treat. This dissertation presents a discussion about the impact of the current recession of 2008/2009 on the European tourism and hospitality industries and strategies for competition.   I certify that, except where cited in the text, this work is the result of research carried out by the author of this study. The main content of the study which has been presented contains work that has not previously been reported anywhere.   The business cycle is constantly ongoing and with it, the world moves from a bright and healthy expansion, in which everyone is optimistic and looking to fulfill their dreams, into dark and difficult recessions during which everyone is fearful (Navarro, 2005, pp. 1 – 5). The Business cycle causes jobs to be created lost, with companies rising and falling with the business cycle. An interlinked global economy makes it difficult for nations or even regions to remain insulated from what takes place in other parts of the world. Thus, a hiccup in one part of the world often results in its effects being felt elsewhere. However, the movement from expansion into a recession is nothing new and the Great Depression, the Asian Financial Crisis, the recessions after the World Wars and the 1890 financial crisis in England are a testimony to this. Juglars eight-year cycles and longer-term waves which are cycles of 17 to 18 years coupled with the even longer Kondratevs cycles that averag e fifty years in length have long been studied by economists (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2008, â€Å"Business Cycle†). A decline in production and employment, which causes incomes and the spending power of households to decline, are the consequences of a recession.

Enterprise and Entrepreneurial Management Assignment - 3

Enterprise and Entrepreneurial Management - Assignment Example Fromt his paper it is clear that for the business plans that are externally focused, tend to include what is relevant to the external stakeholders, especially financial stakeholders. The externally focused business plan will be more focused on the team driving the business plan and financial performance. Internally focused business plans are intended to focus the organization in meeting their intermediate goals. These plans may include plans to develop new products, introduction of new services, internal restructuring, partnerships etc. that is required to reach the external goals. They may cover the development of a new product, a new service, a new IT system, a restructuring of finance, the refurbishing of a factory or a restructuring of the organization.This study outlines that business plans can be used as decision making tools. Business plans in this case can help the organization stay focused in meeting its goals. During conflicts of investment directions, the business plan can be used to guide new investments, since the business plan is a representation of all the business aspects as it will show the marketing, operational, financial and human resourcing plan.  The preparation of a business plan draws people from diverse fields as one field is not sufficient enough to achieve the objectives of any business. Disciplines involved in the development of a business plan include: marketing, operation management, finance, management, and human resource, supply chain management, etc.... The preparation of a business plan draws people from diverse fields as one field is not sufficient enough to achieve the objectives of any business. Disciplines involved in the development of a business plan include: marketing, operation management, finance, management, and human resource, supply chain management, etc. Therefore the development of any business plan should be inclusive so as to gain from the knowledge and expertise of other fields (Stevenson & Gumpert, 1985, pp.85-94). 2. Idea generation A business idea can be defined as a concept to be developed and used to start a commercial venture. The concept can be about a service or a product that can be transformed into revenue generation. The business idea is the seed for a business venture without it, there is no business. Not everyone is endowed with business idea generation capabilities, idea scan be generated by an individual or as a group. The idea has to be modelled to make it viable for a business venture. Before start ing a business, an idea has to be developed and tested. Ideas can be tested by feasibility studies and piloting. If the tests prove viable then the business can start. Feasibility studies helps to sharpen business ideas as it brings the idea closer to reality from an idealistic position. At the same time, an idea can be good, tested and proved to be viable, however if the timing of implementation is bad, then the business will fail. Therefore the timing for business start should also be right (Stevenson & Gumpert, 1985, pp.85-94). 3. Strategic objectives The strategic objectives part of the business plan is focused on addressing how the company intends to get where they are going, defines the broad approach to the achievement of the

International Marketing Strategy of Starbuck in China and In the UK Essay

International Marketing Strategy of Starbuck in China and In the UK - Essay Example This paper will discuss the way Starbuck Corporation in China and UK was created and how it changed over time especially with increased competition in a marketing environment based on cultural differences. More significantly, this study wants to emphasize the strategic thinking about all the factors involved in applying and analyzing the increasingly enthusiastically satisfied customers served by Starbuck’s management unlike its competitors in the international market. More considerably, the main debate on this subject is on the impact faced by Starbuck Corporation in its expansion globally into China and UK based on regulations, international marketing strategy to increase profitability and increased competition. As a remarkable company, Starbucks Coffee Company has grown into a global brand since it was founded in Seattle, the United States, in 1970 and is focused on building increased customer satisfaction as it treats every customer with respect and dignity. As a company, focused on building its market share, profitability and productivity, Starbucks Coffee outlet began in the 1970’s as a single shop offering high-quality coffee and brewing products. More so, Starbucks Coffee outlet has grown to be the largest roaster internationally with over nineteen thousand stores as it offers the high standard of excellence in all aspects of purchasing, fresh delivery of coffee and roasting as it provides increased customer satisfaction. Over the years, Starbucks has enriched its service in offering roasted coffee sold out to customers its enriched Italian style espresso coffee beverages in all Starbuck stores and branches along with pastries and other coffee-related products. More remarkably, the chain of outlets seeks to give its consumers increased service reliability, high product quality, and management of operations as it seeks to increase its business growth and sustainability. As a result, Starbucks embrace cultural diversity in different regions through its employees who seek to blend with different cultures thus, developing increasingly enthusiastically satisfied customers.

Discussion unit 7 engl Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion unit 7 engl - Essay Example The transitions between the paragraphs are well done and it is a smooth read because of this. There are a few things that the writer could improve upon within their essay as well. The introduction needs to be added to as it jumps into the impartial jury subject too quickly. There needs to be a smoother build up into this subject. The thesis could be a bit more descriptive as well in that it does not really answer how the judges have sought to define impartiality which would be helpful in focusing the essay further. In their conclusion, it would be better if they took out the phrase â€Å"but as seen above.† The work needs to speak for itself and telling the reader that you have succeeded in your argument does not allow the audience to come to their own conclusion. I also think the writer could expand upon the paragraph that talks about how prosecutors and defense are allowed to pick a diverse jury. It would be helpful if the writer could delve into the process of how jury memb ers are selected and how this process adds to the impartiality of the jury. The conclusion also feels a little bit too short and stunted.

Understanding of Interpersonal Communication Assignment

Understanding of Interpersonal Communication - Assignment Example When a communicator fully achieves his or her communicative goal through the proper channels and techniques of communication, he or she is said to have achieved communication competence (Verdeber and Verdeber, 2008). Understanding why and how people say what they do deal with the accuracy of social perception. Start by asking yourself why a person does what he or she does. Overall, it can be obtained by analyzing the way in which others behave (Verdeber and Verdeber, 2008). It is well known that language shapes perception. The way a person speaks influences how others perceive that person. Language affects the very thought process, which includes perception (Verdeber and Verdeber, 2008). Language use differs across various cultures both through linguistic and non-linguistic clues. Differing situations influence the way a language is learned. It also affects the way that language is interpreted. Differing mechanisms or categories during this process also play a role. The way in which a person was raised in his or her culture affects the way that a person uses and interprets language (Verdeber and Verdeber, 2008). We communicate through proxemics and physical appearance through the use of body language. The distance between a speaker and a receiver can influence the way a message is interpreted.

Logically Social Essay Example for Free

Logically Social Essay The article is titled â€Å"Logically Social† on which it tackles the role played by Logic in mans social being. As I study mans social being, I have learned that it will involve language, the fundamental tool for communication. A good example is a relationship between speakers and listeners whereas the speakers must establish the truth of what they say and express and uses reasoning as a way of relating to listeners and the listeners play their part by understanding the message we receive and like the speakers they use reasoning as the means of analyzing the intended meaning of the speaker. Reasoning is one of the objects of study in Logic, which is a fundamental learning to me. I also learned that Logic constitutes two basic types of reasoning, the inductive and the deductive which are both necessary for the correct understanding of a matter. I’m enlightened that under the province of logic there is a hodgepodge of studies under the realm of reasoning: the criteria for our arguments to be valid, the conditions for the statements become true, the fallacies we commit, the norms in properly defining terms, and the way to eliminate ambiguity and vagueness in our expressions. I can also tell that Language is Logic because it prompts us the proper usage of language and it is an objective standard that work in authentically effective communication. I’ve been made aware that logic facilitates the option of choosing among ambiguous, vague, or definite terms that are useful for every call of usage. Like poetry, we must use vague or ambiguous terms for aesthetics. Also when clarity is of prime concern, it must use well defined or exact terms. As I read through I’ve observed that logic plays a big role in the grammatical construction of sentences; good usage of logic means a choice between misleading or precise sentences. I’ve learned that misleading sentences falls in two categories: vague and ambiguous. Ambiguous sentences are those that have two or more meaning and it’s vague when its meaning is not determined with precision. Now I learned that an argument is basically a group of statements, one of which is the conclusion and the rest are the premises. Upon learning I also procured the two kinds of argument based on the two kinds of reasoning that: deductive and inductive. A reasoning or argument is deductive if the premises claim to give conclusive grounds for the truth of the conclusion, or if the premises claim to support the conclusion with necessity. Deductive argument is therefore either valid or invalid. I have learned that to make a deductive argument valid, the premises that should be assumed are true. It will be inconsistent and self-contradictory to accept these premises but deny its conclusion, because the conclusion necessarily follows from the premises. I have also acquired the meaning of invalid deductive argument, where the conclusion does not follow necessarily from the premise/s. I have also learned that when you reason inductively on the other hand, you infer a general conclusion from a collection of particular facts. Whereas deductive argument is either valid or invalid, inductive argument is either reliable or unreliable. I have known for the fact that inductive reasoning to be reliable; the conclusion must be based on ample amount of individual representative instances. I must be aware not to confuse inductive argument with invalid deductive argument because its difference between deduction and induction is not the difference between good and bad reasoning, but between two ways to support the truth of conclusions. I’ve learned that when creating argumentative paragraph in writing or speaking, logic prescribes that we can use both valid deductive and reliable inductive argument. To sum all this up, what logic warns us from, when it comes to using arguments is the use of invalid deductive and unreliable inductive argument.

Historically speaking Essay Example for Free

Historically speaking Essay Globalization is one of the most recent phenomenons ever to strike humanity upon its entrance to the 21st century. Historically speaking, globalization itself has been around for decades long before it was conceived as a field of study of international trade. Some economists and historians contend that the concepts of globalization have been prevalent even during time when the Silk Road started in China up to the Roman Empire. Some, however, argue that globalization began during the 19th century; when the prevalence of the Industrial Age was at its fastest and that trade between Europe, their colonies and the Americas were growing steadily. Major advances in technology, especially during the 20th century, eventually led countries to lower trading costs; hence, highlighting the inevitability of the expansion of trade within the International Community. Still, globalization, as a term, was never used by economists; at least not until the early 1980’s. Furthermore, all its concepts and ideas were never really fully understood by the academic community until the early 1990’s. Fortunately, after seven years into the 21st century, much of the world is already aware of its contexts and aspects – from outsourcing to currency trading via wireless applications. Still, despite our knowledge of globalization, we cannot deny the fact that we know less about its implications for the future. Globalization, as a field of study, is a volatile subject that, even with the assistance of factual data and information, is almost ultimately unpredictable. Despite the existence of a myriad of books, journals and articles pertaining to the topic of Globalization, we cannot deny that we have yet to fully understand its future trends. Indeed, a major advancement brought by sophisticated technology can ultimately change, once again, the face of the International Community; thus, affecting international trade and ultimately affecting the â€Å"globalization† of the world. On a further note, third world countries that would eventually become first world countries in the future may end up shifting the international balance of trade and commerce for first world countries. As such, it is very tempting to imagine what the International Community would be like if, for some infinitesimal chance, the African Continent booms like Asia. If such an event occurs, will globalization be the cause for it? Alternatively, will globalization even allow such an event to occur? People who are against the advancements of globalization argue that globalization only benefits the rich north and detriments the poor south. This is evident from the fact that countries in the northern hemisphere tend to play in a neo-imperialist fashion among the countries in the southern hemisphere. Anti-globalization movements insist that the prevalence of globalization only means the prevalence of multinational corporations (MNC’s). They contend that these corporations, while providing employment for the local population, only encourage more poverty in the country. Multinational corporations, upon entering a country, immediately eliminates local competitors; thus, destroying the balance of power between local and foreign. As such, the country becomes subject to the influence of foreign countries that originally holds these multinational corporations. This automatically becomes a sort of leverage for foreign countries (which are, most of the time, rich countries coming from the north) against the country holding their MNC’s. On the other hand, people that are for the advancements of globalization argues that free trade – the main tool of globalization – encourages more growth for developing economies compared to protectionism. Primarily, globalization allows several countries access to several goods and services that they could never produce or emulate from other countries. Furthermore, they contend that globalization encourages competition among local and foreign businesses. Though unfair at times, supporters of globalization claim that encouraging competition allows small businesses to grow, to become more efficient and to become more versatile. The arguments of both sides are truly credible. Indeed, globalization, as a concept, is considered by many as a double-edged sword – though benefiting the user, it can, if careless enough, harm him/her as well. Globalization has many facets. As such, it has many implications – some we are aware of and some aren’t. But according to one scholar, Thomas Friedman, globalization has one important implication that has been very prevalent over the past couple of years but has only recently gained attention. In 2005, Thomas Friedman – a columnist of Foreign Affairs and the New York Times – published a book entitled The World is Flat. According to Mr. Friedman, the world is becoming smaller and that the competition between countries in different parts of the world is becoming or â€Å"being leveled†. One example that he noted was that the economies of India and China, two emerging economic superpowers in the eastern hemisphere, are now becoming so becoming so advanced that they can now compete with the economic powerhouses of the west. He further claimed that, ironically, much of the west, most especially the Americans, weren’t ready for such events unfolding. Indeed, the unexpected booms of India and China have made the Asian continent an attractive place for foreign investment. Another important point is that both countries’ huge populations have played a vital role in the labor market – both in manual labor (i. e. manufacturing) and professional labor (i. e. information technology). Not only do these two countries outshine the United States in terms of cheap labor, but they also outdo the American population in terms of efficiency and productivity. Simply said, employers are getting the same level of productivity and efficiency from both Chinese and Indian workers, but at a lower cost. This, according to scholars, has proved very detrimental to Americans. Not only does this threaten the employment of future American workers, but it also threatens the economy of the United States on the long run. As such, how can one defend himself from such negative advancements to one’s own country? On a more general level, how can the populace protect itself from such a deadly competition? As an American Citizen and as a soon-to-be professional entering the world of competitive employment, I can indeed come up with several answers to that question. First, as a country, the United States must make huge investments on education. Improving the workforce of the country is imperative if we are to face foreign competition. One important thing that we can put into consideration is the introduction of language classes in our academic system. Learning the language of foreign countries can surely make our general workforce a seemingly good investment for foreign companies. Yet another note is the introduction of new laws which will, in some way, discourage young students from dropping out of school. An example of these laws is the prohibition of issuing driver’s licenses to adolescents who have dropped out of school for no particular reason. By doing so, the general workforce of the country will remain efficient and highly educated. Despite the rapid growths of China and India, it cannot be denied that much of their population remains below the poverty line. As such, this problem becomes a drain on their economy (for the simple reason that the government has to continuously spend huge sums of money on anti-poverty programs and such). Ironically, this could play both a huge disadvantage and an advantage at the same time for the United States. For one, since people live in very poor conditions, corporations can take advantage of them by paying them low salaries; which, for the population, could seem very high. On the other hand, the good living conditions of the American population can imply the demand for high-paying jobs; which, of course, corporations would not prefer. Alternatively, this could also serve as an advantage for the United States since the American workforce – compared to the cheap yet impoverished populace of India and China – are more efficient and educated; thus, implying more productivity and growth for the corporation. Education is one thing. But as a person who’s about to enter into the competitive world of employment, how can I prepare myself against the competitive nature of foreign workers that will most likely ensue?

Educational Psychology: Quantitative Research Methods

Educational Psychology: Quantitative Research Methods Rachel Price Select a psychological discipline and Identify the primary research methods and designs  used in that discipline, and consider why that may be the case. This assignment will look at a number research methods and designs used in Educational Psychology. While there are numerous research methods and designs used in Educational Psychology this assignment will focus on the use of quantitative research in the forms of interviews, questionnaires and case studies and will also discuss quantitative research in the form of psychometric testing used in the assessment of dyslexia such as the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (Wechsler 1949) and the Kaufman assessment battery for children (Kaufman Kaufman, 1983) and why each of the methods discussed are used, while looking at the validity and limitations of the methods and design. Educational Psychology is defined by Wittrock (1989) as the scientific discipline concerned with the development, evaluation, application and principles and theories of human learning. Educational Psychologists complete research when they examine the cognitive development of young children, explore the relationship between teachers preferences, educational experiences and classroom performance, and manipulate the structural features of lessons and study that result in student participation levels or explore the issues associated with the interaction of teachers and learners and learning contexts in situations (Berliner Calfee, 2004). Alexander and Winne, (2006) suggest all of these areas of research contribute to the science of learning and help develop guidelines for effective class room practises. The two research methods that influence scientific educational research are quantitative and qualitative approaches. Educational research tends to be a mixture of both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies (Williams, 2011). Quantitative research methods are primarily experimental in nature and concerned with the causal relationships between dependent and independent variables, whereas qualitative research methods are primarily non-experimental and concerned with identifying and describing themes underlying human experience or the experience of a particular phenomenon (Della Porta Keating, 2008). Willis (2008) argues that quantitative and qualitative research methods are often borrow elements or techniques from each other. For example, program-evaluation research, action research, and teacher-as-researcher methods are forms of mixed educational research design that use elements of both quantitative and qualitative methodologies (Johnson, Christensen, 2008). Educational psychologists rely on quantitative based research methods to help them make decisions about school programs and practices (Slavin, 2002). Stanovich and Stanovich (2003) define quantitative based research as a form of study that uses systematic methods that draw on careful observation or experimentation in order to make valid, credible and reliable, conclusions. The science part of educational psychology seeks to sort fact from fiction by using particular strategies for obtaining information (Johnson Christensen, 2000; Kawachi, Kennedy Glass, 1999). Wolfe (2010) argues that the art of educational psychology lies in translating scientifically valid and reliable information into viable and effective classroom practice. Quantitative research is objective, testable, and systematic ( Kothari, 2011). Gravetter and Forzano, (2015) suggest that It reduces the likelihood that information will be based on personal beliefs, feelings and opinions. Quantitative research is based on the scientific method, an approach that can be used to discover accurate information. It includes these steps: conceptualize the problem, collect data, draw conclusions, and revise research conclusions and theory( Cronbach, 1957).Once data has been collected, educational psychologists use statistical procedures to understand the meaning of their quantitative data to help draw conclusions. They also compare their findings with what others have discovered about the same issue. The final step in the scientific method is revising research conclusions and theory (Mertens, 2014).Slavin and Davis, (2006) suggest that educational psychologists have generated a number of theories about the best ways for students to learn McInerney, (2005) suggests that when an educational psychologist wants to test a hypothesis they can choose from many methods, such as observation .Scientific observation is highly systematic. It requires knowing what is being looked for, conducting observations in an unbiased manner, accurately recording and categorizing what was seen, and effectively communicating these observations (Hersen, Haynes Heiby, 2003). A common way to record observations is to write them down, using shorthand or symbols. In addition, tape recorders, video cameras, special coding sheets, one-way mirrors, and computers can be used to make observations more efficient. (Coolican, 2009). Educational psychologists conduct research in laboratories at the universities where they work and teach, although laboratories often help researchers gain more control in their studies, they have been criticized as being artificial. In representational observation, behaviour is observed out in the real world (McInerney, 2005 ).Educational psychologists conduct representational observations of children in classrooms, at museums, on playgrounds, in homes, in neighbourhoods, and in other settings (Gà ¶ncà ¼, Jain Tuermer, 2007). Educational psychologists use interviews and questionnaires to find out about students’ and teachers’ experiences (Vaughn, Schumm Sinagub, 1996). Interviews normally take place face-to-face, although they can be done over the phone or the Internet whereas questionnaires are usually given to individuals in printed form and can be filled out in many ways, such as in person, by mail, or via the Internet (Coolican, 2009). Good interviews and surveys involve concrete, specific, and unambiguous questions and some means of checking the authenticity of the respondents’ replies (Ritchie, Lewis, Nicholls Ormston, 2013). However Fowler (2008) argues that interviews and surveys are not without problems. One crucial limitation is that many individuals give socially desirable answers, responding in a way they think is most socially acceptable and desirable rather than how they truly think or feel. For example, some teachers, when interviewed or asked to fill out a questionna ire about their teaching practices, hesitate to admit honestly how frequently they chide or criticize their students (Loughran, 2002). Skilled interviewing techniques and questions that increase forthright responses are crucial to obtaining accurate information. Another problem with interviews and surveys is that the respondents sometimes simply lie (Coolican, 2009). Another type of research method used by educational psychologists are case studies (Woolfson, 2011). Crosling Webb, ( 2002) define case studies as descriptions of â€Å"real-life† experiences that illustrate important concepts and issues in a field of study . In other words, a case study is an in-depth examination of an individual or situation A case study presents a unique method for combining theory and practice in a problem-solving framework. Case studies differ from spoken or written statements, in that they typically do not contain outcomes or conclusions, but leave the reader to contemplate the most appropriate course of action (Crosling Webb, 2002).Traditionally, case studies have been associated with business, medicine, and law. Recently, however, case studies increasingly have been used in education to help teachers and teacher-candidates develop essential problem recognition and resolution skills (Clandinin Connelly, 2000; Elliott, Woloshyn, DiPetta, Bennett, 200 0). Educational Psychologists use psychometric testing during the assessment for dyslexia. Lyon, Shaywitz and Shaywitz (2003) define dyslexia as a specific learning difficulty that is unexpected in relation to an individuals cognitive abilities. Psychometric testing methods such as the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) (Wechsler 1949), which is an individually administered intelligence test designed for children between the ages of six and sixteen (Cohen, 2011) and contains fifteen subtests that provide a comprehensive assessment of intellectual ability which are divided into ten core subtests and five supplemental subtests (Grizzle, 2011). The Wechsler Individual Achievement Tests (WIAT) (Wechsler, 1992) is also used, and is a comprehensive test that assesses academic achievement by testing the ability to apply cognitive skills and knowledge to graded expectations It alsoincludes nine subtests designed to assess specific areas within the areas of reading, mathematics, writ ten language, and oral language (Johnson, 2011) Another psychometric test used in the assessment of dyslexia is the Kaufman assessment battery for children (KABC)( Kaufman Kaufman, 1983), which is a consistent and valid measure of cognitive abilities for children aged three to eighteen (Hall Noggle, 2011). Psychometric tests are defined by Coolican (2009) as instruments that measure mental measurement and include personality scales and also include measures of mental ability such as intelligence, linguistic ability, creative thinking etc. Psychometric tests are mainly used in educational settings to help identify students who may need additional learning support (Stapleton, 2001). Vernon and Parry (1949) argue that the variables that psychometric tests such as the WISC and KABC scales, use, are always the best measures, and for educational purposes most of the relevant variables are measured by well accepted tests. They also suggest that this is one of the main arguments for the use of psychometric testing over interviews or recommendations from teachers (Vernon Parry, 1949). Mislevy, Behrens, Dicerbo and Levy (2012) suggest that psychometrics is the measurement of educational and psychological construct. As the WISC-V, WIAT-II and KABC-II scales are all variations on pervious scales (i.e. the WISC scale is currently on version five) and have been validated by comparison with previous models they have concurrent validity (Coolican, 2009).Coolican (2009) also suggests that new personality and IQ tests are often compared with older but similar models that have been known to have good validity. Stapleton (2001) suggests that if an assessment score can is closely correlated with future performance, then the assessment used is said to have predictive validity, and that in turn the assessment can be used to predict the likelihood of future academic success or failure. However Atkinson, Atkinson, Smith and Bem (1993) argue that the degree of correlation between IQ scores and psychometric testing and people’s academic achievement declines as a student moves up from primary school to higher education. Moreno (2011) states that group intelligence tests are more practical than individual intelligence tests as they are designed to assess several students simultaneously, however due to their tendency to be less accurate than individual intelligence tests, some authorities do not administer the use of group IQ tests. Due to numerous technical problems with IQ calculations, such as the fact that chronological age increases indefinably, mental age does not, deviation IQ scores are used to interpret the results of IQ tests (Kline, 2013). References Alexander, P., Winne, P. (2006).  Handbook of educational psychology. Mahwah, N.J.: Erlbaum. Atkinson, R.L., Atkinson, R.C., Smith, E.E., Bem, D.J. (1993). Introduction to Psychology (11th ed.). Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace Jovanovitch. Berliner, D., Calfee, R. (2004).  Handbook of educational psychology. New York: Routledge. Clandinin, D. J., Connelly, F. M. (2000). Narrative inquiry: Experience and story in qualitative research. Cohen, M. J. (2011).  Children’s memory scale(pp. 556-559). Springer New York. Coolican, H. (2009).  Research methods and statistics in psychology. London: Hodder Education. Cronbach, L. J. (1957). The two disciplines of scientific psychology.  American psychologist, 12(11), 671. Crosling, G., Webb, G. (2002).  Supporting student learning. London: Kogan Page. Della Porta, D., Keating, M. (2008).  Approaches and methodologies in the social sciences. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press. Elliott, A., Woloshyn, V., DiPetta., Bennett, S (2002). Instructors manual for stories from Canadian classrooms. Toronto, ON : Pearson Education. Fowler Jr, F. J. (2008).  Survey research methods. Sage publications. Gà ¶ncà ¼, A., Jain, J., Tuermer, U. (2007). Children’s play as cultural interpretation.Play and development: Evolutionary, sociocultural, and functional perspectives, 155-178. Gravetter, F., Forzano, L. (2015).  Research methods for the behavioural sciences (5th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Grizzle, R. (2011). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. In  Encyclopaedia of Child Behaviour and Development(pp. 1553-1555). Springer US Hall, J. J., Noggle, C. A. (2011). Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children. In  Encyclopaedia of Child Behaviour and Development(pp. 853-854). Springer US. Hersen, M., Haynes, S., Heiby, E. (2003).  Comprehensive handbook of psychological assessment. New York: Wiley. Johnson, K. L. (2011). Wechsler Individual Achievement Test. In  Encyclopaedia of Clinical Neuropsychology(pp. 2681-2682). Springer New York. Johnson, B., Christensen, L. (2000).  Educational research: Quantitative and qualitative approaches. Allyn Bacon. Johnson, B., Christensen, L. (2008).  Educational research: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed approaches. Sage. Kaufman, A. S., Kaufman, N. L. (1983).  K-ABC: Kaufman assessment battery for children: Interpretive manual. American Guidance Service. Kawachi, I., Kennedy, B. P., Glass, R. (1999). Social capital and self-rated health: a contextual analysis.American journal of public health, 89(8), 1187-1193. Kline, P. (2013).  Handbook of psychological testing. Routledge Kothari, C. R. (2011).  Research methodology: methods and techniques. New Age International. Loughran, J. J. (2002).  Developing reflective practice: Learning about teaching and learning through modelling. Routledge. Lyon, G., Shaywitz, S., Shaywitz, B. (2003). A definition of dyslexia.Annals Of Dyslexia, 53(1), 1-14 McInerney, D. M. (2005). Educational Psychology–Theory, Research, and Teaching: A 25 year retrospective.Educational Psychology, 25(6), 585-599 Mertens, D. M. (2014).  Research and evaluation in education and psychology: Integrating diversity with quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. Sage Publications. Mislevy, R. J., Behrens, J. T., Dicerbo, K. E., Levy, R. (2012). Design and discovery in educational assessment: evidence-centred design, psychometrics, and educational data mining.  JEDM-Journal of Educational Data Mining, 4(1), 11-48. Moreno, R. (2010).Educational psychology. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Ritchie, J., Lewis, J., Nicholls, C. M., Ormston, R. (Eds.). (2013).  Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers. Sage. Slavin, R. E. (2002). Evidence-based education policies: Transforming educational practice and research.  Educational researcher, 31(7), 15-21. Slavin, R. E., Davis, N. (2006). Educational psychology: Theory and practice .Stanovich, P. J., Stanovich, K. E. (2003). Using research and reason in education: How teachers can use scientifically based research to make curricular instructional decisions. Washington, DC: US Department of Education Stapleton, M. (2001). Education. London: Hodder Stoughton. Vaughn, S., Schumm, J. S., Sinagub, J. M. (1996).  Focus group interviews in education and psychology. Sage Publications. Vernon, P. E., Parry, J. B. (1949). Personnel selection in the British forces. Wechsler, D. (1949). Wechsler intelligence scale for children. Wechsler, D. (1992). Wechsler individual achievement test Psychological Corporation.  San Antonio. Williams, C. (2011). Research methods.Journal of Business Economics Research (JBER), 5(3). Willis, J. (Ed.). (2008).  Qualitative research methods in education and educational technology. IAP. Wittrock, M. C. (1989). Generative processes of comprehension.  Educational psychologist, 24(4), 345-376. Wolfe, P. (2010).  Brain matters: Translating research into classroom practice. ASCD.

Free College Admissions Essays: What I Want From College :: College Admissions Essays

What I Want From College    It has always been my greatest ambition to become a college graduate. In order to achieve that goal I have strived to cultivate the various talents with which I have been blessed.    The first step is to fully appreciate the professors and their dedication to passing on not just knowledge from a text, but the intimate knowledge of helping young men such as myself become accountable and successful contributors to society. I don't think enough students take the opportunity to tap into the personal knowledge that many professors offer their students. They have traveled the road we are attempting to navigate. It is only prudent to take advantage of that fact. Many students shy away from personal time with their professors. Yet, this is the best way to show the professor that you are engaged in the classroom. It sets you apart from other students and offers additional information that many professors cannot cover inside of the classroom.    Secondly, I hope to gain a greater sense of solidarity, recreation and release with the African American community. Having attended a predominantly white high school where less than 5% of the student body was African American, I feel it would be a wonderful experience to take advantage of the support that is offered by fellow students. We live in a diverse society and it is necessary to learn to function among others. There is nothing like the experience of communing among ourselves in order to gain a collective confidence in our ability to achieve our goals. I also hope to actively contribute to that community as well. I also hope to gain a greater sense of economic and social responsibility. By being an active part of my college community via employment and civic activities in the community, I have the opportunity to be a more independent adult. At the same time I am gaining experience that will only enhance my abilities to be employed and to be a positive and productive member of any community I join in the future. It is important to also contribute to those in the community that have not been offered the same opportunities I have. As a future teacher, it is my feeling that I have a personal responsibility in passing on the desire to learn to others. The seriousness of that task warrants my endless pursuit of a better understanding of that commitment.

The Down to Earth Challenges of Space Exploration :: Space Exploration Essays

The Down to Earth Challenges of Space Exploration Humans have dreamed of leaving the earth and traveling space for many years, and up to this day they have taken many steps in the right direction. Yet, with every new frontier they approach, new problems loom over the horizon. All problems involved with space exploration may not directly involve space itself. Many of those problems surface right here on Earth. Some of the easier issues have been resolved, such as escaping the forces of gravity to reach outer space. More of these problems are far more arduous and the solutions need more time to be worked out properly. In â€Å"The Coming Schism† by James E. and Alcestis R. Oberg, humans have already begun colonizing space, yet there are still new problems arising. Major problems such as financing, communication and culture conflicts are important in the journey to space, because they all have the potential to disrupt progress. When people think of troubles that are related to space, they tend to overlook one of the most obvious and most important problems, financing. Money may prevent humans from leaving the very earth we stand on in the first place. Money can easily be the solution to a problem or the cause of one. In the supporting film, Stationed in the Stars, it was mentioned that in 1992, NASA spent 8 billion dollars without building a single piece of material. The money was spent on other things such as payroll and international conferences. The film also brought up the fact that every pound of water needed would cost up to 10 thousand dollars; therefore, 100 lbs. of water would cost 1 million dollars. This problem was later solved with the help of Russia in the creation of the closed loop system. But Russia has not always been so helpful. While Russia was working with NASA to help build a service module, they purposely delayed their efforts in order to receive more money from NASA, until NASA had enough and gave them a deadline to comply with. There are times when financing may prevent a project from being ventured into completely without even spending the money. For example, further servicing of the International Space Station would have cost upwards of 100 billion dollars. That is why that project is still uncompleted.

Essays --

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that each year roughly one in six Americans (48 million people), 128,000 will end up in the hospital and 3,000 will die of foodborne illness. Three hundred and sixty-five million dollars are spent annually on the Salmonella infection. There are 31 major foodborne pathogens that are known to cause foodborne illnesses. Foodborne illnesses are infections of the gastrointestinal tract caused by food that contains harmful bacteria, parasites, viruses or chemicals. The gastrointestinal tract is a serious of organs joined in a long, twisted tube from the mouth to the anus. The most common symptoms are vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever and chills. Some chemicals affect the nervous system causing symptoms such as headache, numbness of the skin, blurring in the vision, weakness of body, dizziness, and paralysis. Most of Foodborne Illnesses happen suddenly and only last a short time, typically lasting one to seven days. A lot of people recover on their own without going to the doctors. But rarely, a foodborne illness may lead to more serious issues to a person such as dehydration, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), and chronic including reactive arthritis, irritable bowel syndrome or long lasting health problems. However, there are some people who are most likely to develop foodborne illnesses such as infants, children, pregnant women, older adults, and people with weak immune systems. Raw foods of any animal origin such as raw meat and poultry, raw eggs, unpasteurized milk, and raw shellfish are most likely to be contaminated. Fruits and vegetables can also be contaminated if the fields were fertilized with animal waste and if the produce was cleaned with unclean water. Raw ... ...uch. Foods that need to be cooked should be cooked long enough at a high temperature to kill the harmful bacteria that may be on them. For roast, steaks, and chops of beef, veal, pork, and lamb should be cooked at 145 degrees. For ground beef, veal, pork, and lamb should be cooked at a temperature of 160 degrees. Poultry should be cooked at 165 degrees. Foodborne Illnesses can be prevented easily if you know what to look for and how to prevent it. Reducing the number of infections will require stronger actions to prevent food contamination at multiple steps from the farm to the table. If you reduce foodborne illnesses by 10%, you’ll be saving 5 million Americans each year from getting sick. The Arizona Department of Health Services predict that in year 2020, the Salmonella infection will have dropped by 25% and a 25% to 50% drop in the other top five infections.

Issues of Product Costing Essay

The topic states that is product costing important for virtual organisations that are outsourcing their production operations. Virtual organisations are those corporation that operate in the world of e-business or e-commerce. A virtual organisation can be defined as â€Å"Composed of several business partners sharing costs and resources for the purpose of producing a product or service†¦ can be temporary†¦ or it can be permanent. Each partner contributes complementary resources that reflect its strengths, and determines its role in the virtual corporation† Turban, E. , McLean, E. and Wetherbe J. (1999) Information Technology for Management. 2nd Ed. The key characteristic of the virtual organisations is it ability to change in a rapid and adaptable response to changing markets whether these arise as a result of globalisation, changing cost structures, changing customer needs and wants, or other similar reasons. The needs and requirements of virtual organisations require that each employee have the skills to contribute directly to the value chain of product and service design, production, marketing and distribution, thus contributing directly to the â€Å"bottom line†. Virtual Organisations are at simplicity with the initiative of porous and changing organisational limitations, changing their skills and skill levels through outsourcing and alliances. It is an organisation that has a low cost, high response, effective in utilisation of resources, empowerment of staff, low level of bureaucracy and high combination of Information Technology to support business processes and knowledge workers. Some examples of cyberspace organisation are Amazon. om and Ebay. com that operate its business activity through the Internet. Outsourcing is the process of purchasing goods and services from outside vendors rather than producing the same goods or providing the same services within the organisation. The single most important strategic reason for outsourcing is to reduce or control operating costs. In an Outsourcing Institute survey, companies reported an average 9% reduction.

Protecting the Environment Essay

Every company should invest in our environment. We live in a time when the environment is in danger, so it is important to protect it. We need a healthy environment in order to survive, so we must protect it. We need to protect the environment now to help prevent health problems, to maintain the ecosystem, and to preserve the Earth for our children. Pollution from factories and cars can cause damage to the environment. It makes the air dirty. Breathing this dirty air causes health problems, particularly for children and the elderly. Pollution not only increases spending on health care, but also decreases working ability. We need to control the amounts of pollution we produce in order to prevent health problems. We also need to pay attention to the ecosystem. Plant life, animal life, and people all depend on each other. An unhealthy environment disturbs this ecosystem. For example, changes in the environments might cause a certain kind of plant to die. If that plant is food for a certain kind of animal, the animal will die too. If people use that animal as food source, there could be big problem. To avoid the big problems, factories should pollute as little as possible and use natural resources rationally. If we do not protect our environment it will continue to get worse and our children will suffer the consequences. The air and water will be dirtier, natural resources will become scarcer, and more plants and animals will die. Our children won’t have as much natural beauty to admire. Even worse, their well-being will be threatened. Without clean air to breathe, a healthy ecosystem, and a future for our children, the human race will not survive. That is why protecting our environment is important. If we have a healthy environment not only the company is going to make a profit but also workers, customers and community.

Parents Have the Most Important and Lasting Impact on the Overall Development and Socialization of Their Child

â€Å"Parents have the most important and lasting impact on the overall development and socialization of their child. † As children grow up, there are many factors which influence their attitudes and behaviors. It is generally learned first from their parents, then the socialization. This statement shows us that correct form different parts, which are sociological theories, the role of parents and parenting styles, care by others and the influence of society. According to two of the sociological theories are functionalism and systems theory. Functionalism attempts to explain how a society is organized to perform its required functions effectively; it focuses on how the structures function within society. Parents have their own responsibility in the families, they add the concept of reproduction to their children, because a population growth can become wealthier; to take care of the children who cannot care for themselves; they are responsibility teaching the socializing to the them; and controlling the behavior of their children. It is very important and having deeply impact on the development of their children. Systems theory is the other sociological theory that attempts to explain how groups of individuals interact as a system, a set of different parts that work together and influence one another in a relatively stable way over time. Parents have different parts of responsibilities for their children before their children grow up. Mothers have to take care of them and teaching the socializing to them. Fathers have to add the concept of reproduction to their children. Over time, children absorb the concept form their parents, so that parents have a large parts of affect for them. A long time ago, human had divided by different small villages. Both of them are independence that has not been influenced by the others. They also are self-sufficiency. Everyone has their own talent, such as hunting, waving, farming and so on. In that time, family had to provide their economic needs, which are foods and clothes, for the younger and older members. Their responsibility is teaching their children the skills, knowledge, values, and attitudes of their society, children who learn these are able to work and relate to others within appropriate adult roles. In industrial revolution was bringing an unprecedented change in the human family system; children and women were particularly in roles. In that time, the economy shifted from self-sufficiency to commerce which is based on factory production in the city or town, and someone work outside the family home to earn a wage to provide for family. Fathers were the money-earners who worked to provide for their wives and children; mothers were nurturers who worked at home and supported financially by their husbands. Nowadays, family build a close relationship, they will give all of the support to the other member. In this century, fathers are still earning money; most of the mothers are working to share the responsibility of their husbands, some of them leave their work and look after their children. They have to instill the different concept about society and reproduction to their future. When children were grown up, they have to take the responsibility that look after their parents; however, parents will concern their children about their work, and help them to solve the problems. In this days and ages, parents are all playing in important roles for their parents. Parenting styles are one of the other important sides in helping parents develop positive impacts on their children. The commonly views of the family have a direct impact on parenting and parent-child relationships. Parents who have a high value of career and work success will focus on a different value on family time and time with their children than the less. Parents who value the goals and needs of individuals over the family will have a difficult time putting their personal needs on hold to care for family members. Parents who are busy fulfilling their individual needs may not take a lot of time to parent in a democratic or nurturing manner. Instead, they may use punishment to get their children to behave themselves. Parents who spend a great deal of time with their children get to know them better and become more sensitive to their needs. Three basic styles of parenting have been considered: authoritative, authoritarian and permissive. There has been a focus on authoritative parenting, which is characterized by warm, support, acceptance and indirect positive control of the children. It is compared to authoritarian parenting, which is distinguished by more parental control and use of punishment, as well as to permissive parenting, which is typified by few rules and by the children controlling the family situations. Children raised by authoritative parents are better adjustment of psychological and have a better self-concept. In contrast, authoritarian parents use more physical punishment, which has been shown to negatively affect the child’s adjustment, especially if it is severe and frequent. Children who experience this type of parenting feel rejected by their parents. They also tend to have more problems with psychological adjustment. Children raised by permissive parents who offer much warmth and encouragement tend to be more irresponsible, impulsive and immature, while children raised by permissive parents who are hostile and rejecting tend to be flighty, anxious, and emotionally impoverished. Hostile parenting practices, such as harsh discipline, unsuppressed anger, and use of negative comments, have been shown to lead to children with low scores in their ability to get along with others. Being raised by a hostile parent has a more negative influence on child’s ability to form positive relationships than any other aspect of a child’s family background. Positive parenting practices result in positive scores in social relationships, helping behavior, and motor and social development. Overall, the style of parenting is one of the most important and lasting impacts on the overall development and socialization of a child. In this day and age, there are a lot parents passed their children by nanny or child care centre, because of their jobs. There are a lot of cases of child abuse, most of it are not abused by their parents, is nanny or the teacher in child care centre. They will punish and corporal punishment them, because they are noisy. I have an experience on it. My friend had abused by her nanny when she was young. When she was 7, her parent is busy on their job, they are working to high value career, and they do not have any time to look after her. So they let the nanny to take care of my friend. The nanny did not look after her nicely, moreover hurt her. The nanny use the hanger to fetch her and punish her, the nanny put all the pressure on her. Did the nanny think that she just a 7 year-old girl, she might change the behavior because of this case. Finally, her parent known this case fired the nanny and compensation claims. However, my friend gets a big turning point on it. She does not trust anyone more and not contact with people. However, society also can impact on the overall development and socialization of the children. There are lots of attractive activities, such as drugs, alcohol, and cigarette and so on, in the society, children will feel curious. Children may be together with the bad guys who with affect their behavior. However, if parents discipline their children in the best ways, children cannot impacted by the other people. Therefore, parents are important and lasting impact on the overall development and socialization of their child.

Words Sweet Words

I never knew what it was like to feel complete desperation. I never knew the emptiness of loneliness and loss until she was gone. The moment when you feel your whole world crashing in around you, and your whole being shaken with remorse; the sheer terror of heart-wrenching pain. I always thought moments like these were rare. That desperation and emptiness were not things I would ever have to experience. I would hear stories about death and war, horrific atrocities far away, but I never hought I'd have to endure them.My life was perfect. Well-put together. Full of love and Joy. Nothing bad could ever happen. Moments of pain were a stranger. Until the day she was gone, until the moment where I found pain right where it resided, in the face of my dead mother. I walked into my fifth grade homeroom sure that I was going to ace my test that day. There was no doubt in my mind. I had studied for hours, made notecards, written facts over and over until my hand hurt; I was prepared. I sat down in my favorite seat. You know those kids that sit in a different seat everyday at the eginning of the year to find the perfect one?Like theyre adults looking for a home to buy? They consider the angle of their view of the teacher, how much sun the seat gets, how close it is to the door in case of an emergency, and many other factors. I was one of those kids. I searched for my perfect seat in homeroom for about three weeks. It took so long because I had trouble choosing between several candidates. I finally found the perfect one. It was located in the second row in from the door on the right. I could see the teacher but didn't feel forced to make direct eye contact the ntire time she was talking.My seat was formed Just right that it had a slight arch on the back that helped support my â€Å"s† shaped spine. It really was perfect†¦ until that day. Everyone came in and sat down, but something was different. Andy sat in front of me. His long hair was so greasy it made feel like I needed to shower for him. He was one of those boys you look at and imagine the cartoon squiggles come out from around his body to imply his stench. It was brutal. I could tell my day was off to a good start. Suddenly the phone rang.When you're in fifth grade, hearing the phone ing is like matching the first three numbers on your ticket to the winning lottery number. The person on the end of that phone could be anyone, and everyone in your class wants it to be some form of their ticket out of class. This morning was different though. Rather than everyone dropping what they were doing to find out who it was, it was ignored. No one stopped, no one wondered, no one but me. I wish I hadn't wondered. The teacher approached me with the most solemn face I had ever seen anyone have in real life.Andys tang grew stronger and stronger as my mind ran hrough scenarios as to what she could want from me. Maybe it wasn't me she wanted; maybe it was Andy. Maybe she finally smelt his funk, too, and was going to tell him to shower and get a haircut or ne would nave detentions torever. Maybe it wasn't for me. As she finally met her destination and leaned over my desk, I realized that wasn't the case. â€Å"Sarah, sweetie, you need to go to the principal's office right away, okay? Go very quick, okay? No dilly dallying. † Her voice had a bitter- sweetness to it.That pleasant tone people use to cover up the ugliness behind their words, like a yogurt-covered raisin. I didn't fully catch on to the true depravity that awaited me. I knew it couldn't be good. Being sent to the principal's office immediately was never a good sign unless it was student appreciation day. Candy awaited on those days. There was no candy today, though. Not a hint of sweetness carried in the air between the principal and I as he told me my father was coming to get me. There was no sweetness in my father's face as he drove us to the hospital without a hint of explanation.I don't think anything clos e to sweetness could exist in the cold, whitewashed halls of that hospital. We entered the room. There I saw my mother, as white as the walls that surrounded her. She was dead. I approached her as if she was a foreign being, some alien from one of my Saturday morning cartoons. The constant tone filled the room. I knew what that was. I learned about it in health class. That tone meant heartless. My mother once had a heart, but not anymore, the drunk driver took it from her. He stole the thing that kept the beep going, but now it was Just a tone, a dead tone.That ambient sound seemed to resonate from every direction, in every corner, getting ouder and louder as my mind and heart began to soak in all that was happening. I didn't know what to do or think. I Just stood. Stood in the stillness of the loneliest moment of my life. There would be healing after this. I knew that restoration and recovery were in the future, but that future seemed very far away. That future didn't get any close r in the months that followed. It wasn't until I reached my freshman year when I knew that I could move on. In the movies, when someone dies theyre always remembered by some dramatic, life-changing statement.A philosophy they followed that everyone knew them by. My mom said many of these throughout my childhood, I'm sure, but I can't recall any of them. It may have been easier if I could, if I had a profound testimony to lean on from my mother that loved me so much, but I didn't. I knew one thing, though, that she had them. Whether I remember them or not, I know they existed. She had something to share, and she did. She affected so many lucky people in her lifetime. We all have something to say. I took that thought going into my freshman year, knowing I wanted to change.I wanted to change others and myself and make the same difference I knew my mother made in her short life. I know she made her moments matter. Her gentle words of wisdom that sang from her mouth to my small ears, and to the slightly larger ears of others, were what made her memorable. I used that insight as the foundation for my life to this day, and will continue to remember how my mother made winsome moments in her life and others. Even if I don't remember them, her words were real, as real as the sweet moments that they created and that are remembered by all.

Analysis Of Athena In The Odyssey English Literature Essay

Analysis Of Athena In The Odyssey English Literature Essay After ten years, the Trojan War is over and the Achaeans head home. Some heroes of the war, like Nestor, come home quickly to find things pretty much as they left them. Others, like Agamemnon, arrive home to find things considerably changed. Still others, like Menelaus, wander around for a time but eventually return home safely. Odysseus, on the other hand, has been having no end of trouble getting home. As the story opens, we find ourselves in the tenth year since the end of the war, a full 20 years since Odysseus first left his home and wife Penelope to sail off for Troy with the rest of the Achaean forces. Since then Telemachus, the son of Odysseus has grown up without a father wondering if he will ever come home. Imagine, if you will, that you are in a world that is not of your own. Hear you can walk freely in any form you want. Every word you speak and every action you take can affect the lives of millions and cost them everything. But if you can bring those people together, an d engage them in the test of their lives you would have been the savior and protector of those people. This is the role of Athena in Homer’s epic â€Å"The Odyssey†. In this essay I will analyze Athena’s major role of protection and guidance throughout the epic, and how her use of disguise and transformation affects their motivation and choices in the epic poem. Athena the goddess of wisdom and strategy, a shape shifter of many forms, and daughter of Mà ©tis and Zeus, plays as significant role throughout â€Å"The Odyssey. While she does occasionally judge human actions, the dominant role she plays is to offer challenge and protection to both Odysseus and Telemachus. The goddess Athena becomes their chief protector, and she is seldom far away from Odysseus or his son. Throughout the epic Athena instills confidence into Telemachus and aids him in his travels and journey into manhood. She continually helps Odysseus, giving him advice and practical assistance. At hena’s role is not just that of helping Odysseus and Telemachus; she also helps in their development as characters, teaching them patience, humility, and restraint. From her first act of assistance to her final peacemaking, she is largely responsible for the development and conclusion of the plot. Telemachus’ daydreams before meeting Athena for the first time: â€Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦sitting among the suitors, heart obsessed with grief. He could almost see his magnificent father, hereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  (B1:L134-136). Growing up without his father Odysseus, the only knowledge Telemachus knows of him are only the stories told to him by his consorts. With all the suitors roaming freely through the great halls of his father’s palace, chasing after his mother Penelope’s hand in marriage, Prince Telemachus is left hopeless to stop them. Athena uses her great skills of strategy and wisdom to quickly find a way to inspire our hero Telemachus to journey to find his father. She shape shifts into Odysseus’ old friend Mentes, and predicts that Odysseus is still alive and that he will soon return to Ithaca.†Take my words to heart. At daybreak summon the islands lords to full assembly, give your orders to all and call the gods to witnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ sail in quest of news of your long- lost father,† Athena declared (B1:L315-325). With these words of encouragement, Athena uses her disguise to influence the prince to find his father. If it not for Athena, Telemachus might have taken his father for dead and encouraged his mother to marry one of her suitors.  The journey is also important because the journey of Telemachus plays an important part of him becoming a man on his own.

My Code of Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

My Code of Ethics - Essay Example With that, if every child is educated well, the school needs to be sure that there are protections and alternatives to risky behaviors available to our children. Gorman stated in the speech (2006), "There is no single magic answer to the social and academic challenges that our students face. The solution instead lies within each of us in this community - it is up to us to be involved in our schools, to teach our children the importance and the value of education and to make sure they achieve at the highest level possible. To raise our achievement levels, CMS needs help from every member of this community" (Speech for the Greater Enrichment Program, 2006). In today's modern society, schools are sometimes forced to leave some children behind. However, for some multicultural students, the noble idea of not leaving a child behind has not yet been taken seriously with the general public and a lot of educational systems. This is why it is very important in my code of ethics for parents to be involved.  Ã‚   and learn differently from one another, in my code of ethics, parents should be brought into the learning process so that every child can learn the same way even though they will process it in a different. If school systems would accept this concept of diversity in learning, there would be no feeling of failure for the no child left behind program.Things such as the abovementioned only form the apparentness and literalness of the behavior of American students. Because of their differing backgrounds and despite their oneness when it comes to opinionating, the ways in which they were brought up surely play the most significant factor on why they are who they are (Khramtsova and Saarnio 2007). Their behaviors are correlated with all the attributes they and their backgrounds possess. One such example is the success. A student in an American classroom can correlate his depression and be antisocial with the way he is performing academically. And also, lest it is forgotten, the behavior of American students inside the classroom depends somewhat upon their relationships with professors and faculty, because, after all, they are the ones who teach the subject and interact with students (Sorcinelli 1995).

Boot camps Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Boot camps - Essay Example Gaylene Styve Armstrong is also an author and a visiting assistant professor who works with the Administration of Justice Department in Arizona State University West in Phoenix. Lastly, there is Ojmarrh Mitchell who is a research assistant professor in Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice in University of Maryland. Other than Mitchell, the rest of the authors are PhD holders. This research was funded and given full support after the funding by Corrections Program Office in the US Department of Justice. The funds were transferred to the researchers through the National Institute of Justice (NIJ). The problem under research was that despite the growth in the boot camps’ popularity over the years from 1990, the environment under which the correction to the juvenile offenders was carried out was still traditional using military-style methods of management. The research therefore aims to provide the staff of these boot camps with more control over the juveniles but at the same time maintain a safe environment for correction. The hypothesis is that the use of boot camps in comparison with the traditional facilities for juvenile offenders is more effective and provides more positive impact on juvenile correctional programs and institutions. The population studied was both the juveniles and the staff. The juveniles were 4121 and the staff 1362. The sampling technique employed was systematic sampling starting from the state to the agencies responsible for the boot camps and finally to the particular boot camps. This therefore made the sample to have 27 boot camps and 22 traditional facilities. The methods used to collect data were structured interviews and questionnaires. The questionnaires were administered to the juveniles and lower staff while the administrators were subjected to the structured interviews. The analysis was done by use of factor analysis method where fourteen scales (Perceptual Environmental

Operations Management Workforce Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Operations Management Workforce Planning - Essay Example This again will adversely affect the bottom line of the company. At a glance, it might appear very simple and rudimental to determine the actual manning complement for a certain operation however, a deeper scrutiny of the process will reveal the complexities involved such as the unpredictable fluctuation of demand vis--vis a fixed operating capacity comprised. The proponent used a simple accounting approach to determine and consolidate the cost component of each staffing plan. From here, the proponent tabulated the different data given in the case problem afterwhich, he proceeds in summing up the total cost per plan and simply compares each cost to know which alternative yields the least cost. Further to the quantitative analysis, which is actually just a comparison of the costs, the proponent attempts to account for the other effects of the different plans like employee morale, customer service and operations. The case problem requires the proponent to analyze three Workforce Planning model based on a given set of forecasted weekly demand, production rate per product and various costs like regular wage, overtime cost, hiring and firing cost. The problem further requires the proponent to evaluate each of these options based on other aspects of the business such as employee morale, operations and customer service. The setting of the problem is in Newmart International Manufacturing where three products are two be produced without incidents of run outs or back orders. IV. THE WORKFORCE PLANNING MODELS As mentioned in the case problem, the proposed Workforce Models to address the demand of the coming quarter are: 1) Level Workforce where the proponent simply hires the additional manpower required and keeps them all throughout the succeeding weeks; 2) Original Full-time Workforce plus over time does not engage in firing or hiring employees rather and 3) Adjusting the workforce depending on the requirement per week where the company is engaged in a weekly hiring and firing of employees. V. ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATION Based on the tabulation shown below, it is clear that among the three options, the original 75 fulltime workers of the company are still sufficient in meeting with the forecasted demands. It is also inferred that employee morale and other organizational elements have been adversely affected by frequent hiring and firing. The proponent therefore suggests applying option B to address the requirement of the company. This option will not only yield the lowest cost, i.e., US$ 609,588 there is but more importantly, it will maintain, if not enhance employee morale, customer service and the overall performance of the business operation. Bibliography: Heizer, Jay and Render, Render. "Production and Operations Management".4th